at phedde@uci
at phedde@uci.edu. Author contributions P. coronavirus microarrays with COVID-19-positive and unfavorable sera and achieved a overall performance on par with a commercial microarray reader 100 more expensive than our imaging device. This work will enable large level serosurveillance, which can play an important role in the months and years to come to implement efficient containment and mitigation steps, as well as help develop therapeutics and vaccines to treat and prevent the spread of COVID-19. Introduction To date, the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, with many more to come, shattered health care and interpersonal systems and crippled the economy on an unprecedented global level.1 Long incubation periods in combination with transmission through pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic service providers, exacerbated by the highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2, have rendered prevention of community spread very difficult.2C11 As an essential step towards recovery, to implement efficient containment measures, and to help develop therapeutics and vaccines, we must implement broad screening, for the computer virus and for antibodies against the computer virus. To better understand the humoral response to viral exposure, model the spread of COVID-19, and help orchestrate local public health containment measures, we recently constructed a novel serology test, coronavirus antigen microarray (CoVAM).12,13 CoVAM can currently measure antibody levels in serum samples against 67 antigens from 23 strains of 10 viruses known to cause respiratory tract infections including SARS-CoV-2. New antigens can be included as the computer virus evolves. Probing this large number of antigens simultaneously in a single test allows for much higher specificity, sensitivity, and information density than standard antibody tests such as lateral circulation assays (LIFAs). LIFAs are susceptible to false positive results, especially for COVID-19 and current LIFA test performance has been reported inadequate for most individual patient applications.14 Screening for reactivity against only one or two antigens is not always reliable as cross-reactivity can occur. The CoVAM GW6471 test can tease out this cross-reactivity by taking a simultaneous snapshot of the relative serum reactivity against multiple, cross-species viral antigens. In addition, each array contains four replicates of the same set of antigens to vastly improve statistical power. This way, CoVAM can easily discriminate SARS-CoV-2 from SARS, MERS and other common coronaviruses.12,13 Furthermore, the highly specific CoVAM array is specifically designed for low-cost, high-throughput serological studies on the level of 100?000 samples, which will be critical as the virus is spreading to low-income countries with large populations. While GW6471 microarrays could be printed and distributed on a large level, reading the slides by fluorescence imaging currently requires expensive ($10?000C100?000) machines which many clinical laboratories currently do not possess and are especially difficult to move to makeshift testing sites including field clinics. Sending the probed slides back to designated imaging centers is usually expensive and time consuming, therefore unsuitable for the required large-scale screening. In the upcoming months and years, serosurveillance technology to mitigate the continuing spread of COVID-19 and other viral pathogens must be capable of repeated screening of a large global population. To make this possible, a strong, inexpensive, portable imaging platform that can be deployed immediately in any basic laboratory to read ZAP70 coronavirus antigen microarrays is required. This will be especially useful in countries with normally highly vulnerable populations due to restricted access to tests and lack of a suitable health care infrastructure. To address this issue, we have developed a strong, inexpensive ($100C300), and portable imaging platform, the TinyArray imager, that can be deployed immediately in any basic laboratory. Our TinyArray imager uses a 3D printable design in which widely available components were used to excite fluorescence of labeled secondary antibodies that can be detected with an inexpensive 5 megapixel video camera module with sufficient spatial resolution and sensitivity to reliably go through microarrays. In this work, we show that, with patient samples, this imaging platform can match the results obtained with a 100 more expensive commercial imager; linear regressions of microarray fluorescence intensities consistently showed passive immunization.21 Lastly, our serology screening can reveal information about the global host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and provide insights to guide therapeutic and vaccine research and development. In order to get a comprehensive GW6471 view of the serological status of a large population.